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People like to keep certain distances between themselves and other people or things. And this invisible bubble of space that constitutes each man's "territory" is one of the key dimensions of modern society. Edward T. Hall, author of The Silent Language, introduces the science of proxemics to demonstrate how man's use of space can affect personal and business relations, cross-cultural interactions, architecture, city planning, and urban renewal.

"This is a book of impressive genius, replete with unusually sharp observations."
---Richard J. Neutra, Landscape Architecture

"Edward Hall's is one of a few extraordinary books that are just now being written about man's future and should be read by every thoughtful person.... It is a book for statesmen to read and for all of us who travel, work with different groups (rural and urban, foreign and domestic) or write about this world we are making."---Chicago Tribune

EDWARD T. HALL, Professor of Anthropology at Northwestern University, is a widely traveled anthropologist whose field work has taken him all over the world---from the Pueblo cultures of the American Southwest to Europe and the Middle East. As director of the State Department's Point Four Training Program in the 1950s, Dr. Hall's mission was to teach foreign-bound technicians and administrators how to communicate effectively across cultural boundaries. He is a consultant to business and government agencies in the field of intercultural relations, and has taught at the University of Denver, Bennington College, the Washington School of Psychiatry, the Harvard Business School, and the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Dr. Hall was born in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received the A.B. degree from the University of Denver, M.A. from the University of Arizona, and Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University. He is author of the popular study in communications, The Silent Language.

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CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S PREFACE I. CULTURE AS COMMUNICATION II. DISTANCE REGULATION IN ANIMALS Spacing Mechanisms in Animals Flight Distance Contact and Non-Contact Species Personal Distance Social Distance Population Control The Stickleback Sequence Malthus Reconsidered The Die-off on James Island Predation and Population III. CROWDING AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ANIMALS Calhoun's Experiments Design of the Experiment Development of the Sink Courting and Sex Nest Building Care of the Young Territoriality and Social Organization Physiological Consequences of the Sink Aggressive Behavior The Sink that Didn't Develop Summary of Calhoun's Experiments Exocrinology The Sugar-Bank Model The Adrenals and Stress The Uses of Stress IV. PERCEPTION OF SPACE: DISTANCE RECEPTORS: EYES, EARS, AND NOSE Olfactory Space The Chemical Basis of Olfaction Olfaction in Humans V. PERCEPTION OF SPACE: IMMEDIATE RECEPTORS ---SKIN AND MUSCLES Hidden Zones in American Offices Thermal Space Tactile Space VI. VISUAL SPACE Vision as Synthesis The Seeing Mechanism Hidden Stereoscopic Vision VII. ART AS A CLUE TO PERCEPTION Contrast of Contemporary Cultures Art as a History of Perception VIII. THE LANGUAGE OF SPACE Literature as a Key to Perception IX THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF SPACE: AN ORGANIZING MODEL Fixed-Feature Space Semifixed-Feature Space Informal Space X. DISTANCES IN MAN The Dynamism of Space Intimate Distance Personal Distance Social Distance Public Distance Why "Four" Distances? XI. PROXEMICS IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT: GERMANS, ENGLISH, AND FRENCH The Germans Germans and Intrusions The "Private Sphere" Order in Space The English Using the Telephone Neighbors Whose Room Is the Bedroom? Talking Loud and Soft Eye Behavior The French Home and Family French Use of Open Spaces The Star and the Grid XII. PROXEMICS IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT: JAPAN AND THE ARAB WORLD Japan How Crowded Is Crowded? The Japanese Concept of Space Including the Ma The Arab World Behavior in Public Concepts of Privacy Arab Personal Distances Facing and Not Facing Involvement Feelings about Enclosed Spaces Boundaries XIII. CITIES AND CULTURE The Need for Controls Psychology and Architecture Pathology and Overcrowding Monochronic and Polychronic Time The Automobile Syndrome Contained Community Buildings Prospectus for City Planning of the Future PROXEMICS AND THE FUTURE OF MAN Form vs. Function, Content vs. Structure Man's Biological Past The Need for Answers You Can't Shed Culture ILLUSTRATIONS APPENDIX Summary of James Gibson's Thirteen Varieties of Perspective as Abstracted from The Perception of the Visual World BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

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